Revista Digital Agua Simple – Agua y biodiversidad

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Itlahkwilol atl

Akin tlachipawa

Okiyekchih Macarena Moya Rodríguez, Miriam Scarlett Medina Álvarez iwan Karla Uriostegui

Machiyotl tlahkwilohli: kan tiyoltokeh, tlasohli, atl, akin tlachipawa.

Ika lah yotimiyekiyakeh ipan totlaltipak lah tlakwitsoa. In ikan kon tichantih lah yotiktlahlotihkeh yehyekatl, atl iwan tlahli; ipan 2025 xihtli nonemilia ika ipan chiknawi senxikipil powal (9 mil millones) tlaltipakchanehkeh akin chantiskeh ipan totlaltipak. Ipan in kaltlapahtilyekanketl Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) okihtoh ika ipan se xihtli miyek noxinia tlasohli se ipan yeyi billones ka yetik tlasohli, kema teahman, pampa tlin kitlahkali tlasohli tlaltipakchanehkeh lah tlahlo, techtlahlotia tinochtih iwan kan tiyoltokeh. Tlin techpakitia ika kema onka tlin tikchiwaskeh pampa tlasoltipan iwan intoka akin tlachipawa (TBC Bioremediation, 2013).

In akin tlachipawa kipopola amoyawak kan tiyoltokeh, tlapahtihli iwan atl tlahlo iwan tlahli, iwan okseki; kitemoltia ika lah tlahtlo iwan kichipawas yehyekatl, atl iwan tlahli tlin nokwis mostla. No tepalewia ika ma tikmalwikan totomin pampa kinmiyekilia michinme iwan kiyekchiwa nochi tlin nonemaka iwan kitokah noso kitepewa ipan tlahli iwan kichipawa atl (Philp, 2015).

Kakisti ika techpalewis, sampa onka ta ipan iksan ipan sentsontli iwan mahtlahtli sempoahli xihtli kwak xenemia totata (600 a. C.) kikwiah in romanotlakame iwan kichipawayah atl. George M. Robinson kitenewah ken itah in tlin yenkwik tlin tlachipawa, pampa yehwa in  ingeniero ipan chiapopotl, opeh ipan itekiyo ika yolkatsitsintih, okintlalih ipan se wahkahli kan tlahlo katka iwan okitak ika seki yolkatsitsintih iwan tlahlo katka iwan okitak ika seki kixtilia tlin tlahlo. Kwak okixeloh itekiyo iwan oksekimeh nomachtihkeh, okihtohkeh ika weliskia nokwis ika tlahpohpowaskeh tlin chiawak, techiaktli iwan okseki. In tlapohpowahli aman yonoyenkwilih iwan aman nokwi ika tlapohpowalo kan amoyawak iwan in techiaktli (TBC Bioremediation, 2013).

Ika okseki tlahtohli, in tlin tlachipawa ipan biotecnología notekipanoa ika se yektekitl ika aquímico iwan ompa kitemachiwah kechkitsin kitekiliskeh atlapahtil ipan in yolkatsitsintih microbianos ipampa kiwehweloah noso kipatlah in tlin tlahli maka saman ma tlahlo noso ma temikti, noyekchiwa noso kipopoloa iwan ihkon noyekchiwa kan tiyoltokeh (Mitchell, 2022).

¿Kenehki notekipanoltia?  

Seki yolkatsitsintih tlakwah iwan yewih kan tlahlo, kikwepah ken seki poktli iwan atl, ken in CO2. Tla saman miyekeh yolkatsitsintih iwan atl tlin ihtih atl yaw, wel notlalis kan inin itoka “bioaumentación”. Inin tlapahpatilis kihyotilana itlampa tlahli ika amehli ihkon kichipawa tlahli iwan atl tlin ihtik tlahli in situ. Tla kwahli noneki nochi ma kisa, maka ma tona, kwahli ma tlakwakan in yolkatsitsintih. Ihkon kinpalewiskeh in yolkatsitsintih ma tlaweyilikan iwan ma miyekiakan kan tlakwah ika in amoyawak; tlamo in yolkatsitsintih yolik weyiyah iwan miktiyaskeh. Tla kitlaliliskeh “tlapahpatilis” welis nochi noyekchiwas (Mitchell, 2022).

No kwahli ma noihto ika in tlin pipitekeh yolkeh ken in nanakatl iwan yoltlasohlotl ma nemikan pampa tlapalewiah; saman in yoltlasohlotl, pampa kiyekchiwah nochi tlin tlahlowi ika tlin kwahli tlahli, iwan wel kwehweloah nochi tlin tlahlowi, ketlah, kichipawa amolonkipahtli noso kichipahtok nochi tlin kisa kan techiaktli; sampa, in yolkatsitsintih xwel kipopoloah tlin yetik tepostli ipan atl ken in cadmio iwan in plomo (Sood, Singhal, Bhat, & Kumar, 2011).

Sekin yolkatsitsintih, no in xihtli ihtik apan onka iwan nanakatl, wel kitepitsowah chiawistliatl ipan atl/chiawistli, kipopolowa ika in 80% ika xok notitlani poktli ipan ilwikatl ipan se xihtli. Kwak nomachiyotia in tla kwahli yoltoskeh ipan in apahtihli tlin yenkwik iwan tlin yeonkatka, ma noahsikamati ika tlin chikiwa in yenkwiktekitl wel nochi kiyekchiwas kan amoyawahlo iwan tlasoltipan ipan totlaltipak (Sood et al., 2011).

Onka miyek tlamantli tlin ika tlapohpowalo:

Yolnemiliskayotl. Kalaktia nochi tlin tlatlakwaltihtos ipan tlahli kan tlahlo ika atl noso ika poktli kon kinyolitia inin  yoltlasolotl, iwan ma nowehweyilikan in pipitektsitsintih iwan kichichina kan noohwitia nochi in tlahli tlin la saman tlahlo (BYJUS, s.f.).

Yolmiyekilistli. Nokwi ipan san kemantika, ken aman kwak nochipawahneki amoyawak ipan kalpan, kan noneki ma weyiyakan yolkatsitsintih tlin ika tlachipawalo. Sampa, xwelis tikteltis tla weyiya in yolkatsin kwak tlachipahtok ipan se tlamantli (BYJUS, s.f.)

Yoltlapahtihli. Kiyekchiwa tlaltipan iwan kan nomantok atl, iwan nokwi kan la saman tlasoltipan, lah saman kwih ipan atl tlin titlampa tlahli yaw, kan la saman kikisa atl iwan xwel tikittas, ken aman kan techiaktli tekitl, in yolkatsitsintih noweyiliah pampa kipopoloa kan tlahlo iwan kipohpowah kan apilatl

 (BYJUS, s.f.).

In yoltlapahtihli nokwi kan noneki ma popoliwi tlasohli iwan ma chipawi nohnoka kan tlayoliskatilia iwan nokwih in yolkatsitsintih iwan kwehwelowah in tlin tlahli iwan kipitelontsintiliah.

Welis miyek tekitl tikchiwaskeh, sampa kinekis kwahli ma tiknemilikan iwan ma tikmalwikan, ma tiktlahpilikan iwan nochi kwahli ma onya kan notekipanos ihkon nochi kwaltsin onyes ipan totlaltipak. In nochi tlin nikan nopowa techyolchikawa iwan techititia ika welis tlamis in ika la tlasoltipan ipan totlaltipak. Ma titekichiwakan ika yeknemilis iwan ma noyekchiwa miyek temolistli iwan miyek okseki tekitl, se ohtli kan tikyekchiwaskeh se kwaltsin totlaltipak iwan nochi tlakwalkanyes tlin aman nikan tichantitokeh iwan tlin kemach wehweixtokeh. (Sood et al., 2011).

Amochme

BYJUS. (2021, March 25). Bioremediation – process. Types of bioremediation. Examples. Recuperado de https://byjus.com/biology

History Bioremediation. (2013). Bioremediation. Recuperado 13 de febrero de 2024, de https://andrewtlex.wixsite.com/.

Mitchell, C. (2022, July 27). What is bioremediation, and how does it work (with examples)? Investopedia. Recuperado de https://www.investopedia.com/.

National Academies Press (US). (2000). Applications of economics in the field of environmental marine biotechnology. Opportunities for environmental applications of marine biotechnology – NCBI Bookshelf. Recuperado de https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.

OPG. (2023, December 3). Bioremediation Basics. OPG+. Recuperado de https://opgplus.com/bioremediation-basics/

Philp, R. (2015, December 8). Bioremediation: The pollution solution? Recuperado de https://microbiologysociety.org/

TBC Bioremediation. (2013). Bioremediation. Recuperado de https://andrewtlex.wixsite.com/

Society, M. (2015, December 8). Bioremediation: The pollution solution? Microbiology Society. Recuperado de https://microbiologysociety.org/

Sood, S., Singhal, R., Bhat, S., & Kumar, A. (2011). Inoculum preparation. In: Elsevier eBooks (pp. 230-243). Recuperado de https://doi.org/10.1016/